Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 LC)

How did Saladin feel about the Christian armies coming to the Holy Land?

He believed in the Christian armies' cause but didn't agree with their barbaric actions.

He felt the Christians were the infidels who needed to be forced out of the Holy Land.

He was against the Christians but didn't want to participate in a war against them.

He was happy to join their forces in the fight against the Muslim Turks who held Jerusalem.

Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 LC)

Who called for crusades to retake the Holy Land from the infidels?

Charlemagne

Emperor Alexius I Comnenus

Pope Urban II

Richard the Lionheart

Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 LC)

Who was a prominent leader of the People's Crusade to regain the Holy Land from the Turks?

Bernard of Clairvaux

Godfrey of Bouillon

Peter the Hermit

Saladin

Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 LC)

Why did Pope Urban II make his appeal to retake the Holy Land from the Turks at the Council of Clermont?

To secure his own power over the church

To divide the kingdoms of Europe

To establish the Vatican in Rome

To prevent violent war

Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 LC)

The failed Seventh Crusade was led by

Godfrey of Bouillon

Saladin

Pope Urban II

Louis IX

Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 LC)

Which statement about the relationship between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin is correct?

Richard and Saladin led the only successful army in a crusade against the infidels.

Richard attacked Saladin and his forces and killed Saladin in the final battle.

Richard fought against Saladin, but eventually participated in a truce with him.

Richard led the second crusade against Saladin and took away his power.

Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 LC)

Who appealed to Pope Urban II for assistance in defending the Byzantine Empire in 1095?

Alexius I Comnenus

Bernard of Clairvaus

Godfrey of Bouillon

Louis IX

Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 LC)

Who was Godfrey of Bouillon?

A French lord who led the first army in the crusades to retake the Holy Land

A French military leader who found the weak spot in the landscape around Jerusalem

The Duke of Lower Lorraine, who is credited for retaking Jerusalem from Muslim Turks

The Duke of Lower Lorraine, who set up the first Crusader state of Edessa

Question 9(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 MC)

Which of the following descriptions of Israel is correct?

Jerusalem has a large mountain range at the northern point.

Jerusalem is about the same size as the State of Texas.

Jerusalem is bordered on all sides by the Mediterranean and Dead Seas.

Jerusalem is located at the intersection of Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(02.03 MC)

Why did the location of Jerusalem make people want to settle there?

Jerusalem borders the Mediterranean Sea, which was a major avenue for trade.

Jerusalem has a mild climate, which attracted many people to move to the area.

Jerusalem is located on fertile land, which provided ideal conditions for growing crops.

Jerusalem is surrounded by mountains, which provided protection from enemies.

1) He felt the Christians were the infidels who needed to be forced out of the Holy Land. - In a way, Saladin launched his own crusade and fought the christians in Egypt and Palestine. His victory at the Battle of Hattin was decisive. At the end of the crusades, the christians were expelled from the Holy Land.

2) Pope Urban II - He convinced many european noblemen and warriors, especially from France, to retake the Holy Land and aid the Byzantine Empire against the muslim armies.

3) Peter the Hermit - He was a french priest. He not only led the People's Crusade, but also participated in several massacres against the jews who lived in the Holy Roman Empire (modern-day Germany).

4)To secure his own power over the church - a few years before, the catholic church and the eastern orthodox church had split, and this reduced the power and authority of the Pope. Besides, Pope Urban II had to face the opposition from Antipope Clement III, who questioned his authority. Pope Urban II therefore needed to strengthen his power.

5) Louis IX - He was king of France and led the Seventh Crusade. They were defeated in Egypt and sent back to France. He tried again and took part in the eight crusade, but died of disentery shortly after.

6) Richard fought against Saladin, but eventually participated in a truce with him - Richard had a victory against Saladin, but with years, the war exhausted both leaders and a truce was negotiated. This treaty is known as the Treaty of Jaffa and allowed christian pilgrims to travel to Jerusalem, which remained under muslim control.

7) Alexius I Comnenus - who was the Byzantine Emperor at the time.

8) The Duke of Lower Lorraine, who is credited for retaking Jerusalem from Muslim Turks - He was a french nobleman and Knight, and seiged and took Jerusalem in 1099.

9)Jerusalem has a large mountain range at the northern point - These mountains are known as the Judaean Mountains, and border Jerusalem to the north.

10)Jerusalem has a mild climate, which attracted many people to move to the area - Jerusalem is located at 700 meters above sea level (around 2000 feet above sea level), and elevation causes air to cool down. This is why Jerusalem has a milder climate that most the sorrounding cities like Amman or Damascus.