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Elements that are characterized by the filling of p orbitals are classified as _____.

AGroups 3A through 8A
Btransition metals
Cinner transition metals
Dgroups 1A and 2A

Verified Answer :

Answer : The correct option is, (a) Groups 3A through 8A

Explanation :

The general electronic configurations of :

Group 1A : \(ns^1\)

Group 2A : \(ns^2\)

Group 3A : \(ns^2np^1\)

Group 4A : \(ns^2np^2\)

Group 5A : \(ns^2np^3\)

Group 6A : \(ns^2np^4\)

Group 7A : \(ns^2np^5\)

Group 8A : \(ns^2np^6\)

Transition metal : \((n-1)d^{(1-10)}ns^{(0-2)}\)

Inner transition metal (Lanthanoids) : \(4f^{(1-14)}5d^{(0-1)}6s^2\)

Inner transition metal (Actinoids) : \(5f^{(0-14)}6d^{(0-1)}7s^2\)

From the general electronic configurations, we conclude that the groups 3A through groups 8A elements that are characterized by the filling of p-orbitals.

Elements that are characterized by the filling of p orbitals are classified as \(\boxed{{\text{a}}{\text{. Groups 3A through 8A}}}\) .


Further Explanation:

In order to make the study of numerous elements easier, these elements are arranged in a tabular form in increasing order of their atomic numbers. Such a tabular representation of elements is called a periodic table. Horizontal rows are called periods and vertical columns are called groups. A periodic table has 18 groups and 7 periods.


a. Groups 3A through 8A

The elements from group 3A to 8A has the general outermost electronic configuration of \(n{s^2}n{p^{1 - 6}}\). So the added electrons are to be filled in p orbitals.


b. Transition metals

These metals have the general valence configuration of \(\left( {n - 1} \right){d^{1 - 10}}n{s^{0 - 2}}\). This indicates that the added electrons enter either s or d orbitals.


c. Inner transition metals

These are classified as lanthanoids and actinoids. The general outermost configuration of lanthanoids is \(4{f^{1 - 14}}5{d^{0 - 1}}6{s^2}\) while that of actinoids is \(5{f^{0 - 14}}6{d^{0 - 1}}7{s^2}\). In both cases, the added electron enters either d or f orbitals.


d. Groups 1A and 2A

The elements of group 1A have the general valence electronic configuration of \(n{s^1}\). It implies the last or valence electron enters in the s orbital. The group 2A elements have a general configuration of \(n{s^2}\). Here also the last electron enters the s orbital.


So elements from groups 3A to 8A are classified by the filling of p orbitals and therefore option a is correct.


Learn more:

  1. Which ion was formed by providing the second ionization energy? https://brainly.com/question/1398705
  2. Write a chemical equation representing the first ionization energy for lithium: https://brainly.com/question/5880605


Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Periodic classification of elements


Keywords: periodic table, configuration, ns1, ns2, d, p, f, 3A, 8A, transition metals, inner transition metals, lanthanoids, actinoids, orbitals, 1A, 2A.

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