What is the crowding-out effect?
the loss of funds for private investment due to government borrowing
a situation in which the government spends more than it takes in
all the money the federal government owes to bondholders
a situation in which the government takes in more than it spends
the loss of funds for private investment due to government borrowing
a situation in which the government spends more than it takes in
all the money the federal government owes to bondholders
a situation in which the government takes in more than it spends