Which of the following was NOT a factor in the Japanese postwar "economic miracle"?

AMassive aid from the United States enabled Japan to rebuild quickly after the war.

BJapanese products were not barred from the U.S. market.

CRestrictions imposed on Japanese defense spending enabled them to channel much of their Gross National Product (GNP) into economic development.

DAbundant reserves of oil and gas fueled postwar industrialization.