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Molecular clocks

Atake advantage of the fact that only neutral mutations do not happen at a steady rate.
Btake advantage of the fact that all mutations affect the fitness of an organism.
Ctake advantage of known mutation rates to estimate how long ago organisms shared a common ancestor.
Dtake advantage of the fact that all mutations happen at a steady rate.

All of the following are important properties of prokaryotes except

Aprokaryotes are used to make many products for humans.
Bprokaryotes are often decomposers and enable recycling of nutrients.
Cprokaryotes form the base of many food chains, especially those found within the open ocean.
Dprokaryotes convert nitrogen-containing molecules into forms that can't be used by other organisms.

All of the following patterns were witnessed by Darwin except that species vary

Alocally.
Bover time.
Cwithin very short spans of time.
Daround the world.

The scientific name for a white oak is Quercus alba; the scientific name for a red oak is Quercus rubra.

What does this tell you about the organism?

AWhite oaks are grouped in the genus Quercus.
BRed oaks are grouped in the species Quercus.
CRed oaks are grouped in the genus alba.
DWhite oaks are grouped in the same species category as red oaks.

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Molecular clocksC. take advantage of known mutation rates to estimate how long ago organisms shared a common ancestor.

All of the following are important properties of prokaryotes except
A. prokaryotes are used to make many products for humans.

All of the following patterns were witnessed by Darwin except that species vary
C. within very short spans of time.

The scientific name for a white oak is Quercus alba; the scientific name for a red oak is Quercus rubra.What does this tell you about the organism?
D. White oaks are grouped in the same species category as red oaks.

1. Answer;  

Take advantage of known mutation rates to estimate how long ago organisms shared a common ancestor.


Molecular clocks take advantage of known mutation rates to estimate how long ago organisms shared a common ancestor.


Explanation;

  • Molecular clocks predicts the constant rate of molecular evolution of species. It is a method used for analysis in genetics to determine the estimate rates of evolution and data scales using information from the DNA.
  • Molecular clocks measures the number of changes, or mutations, which accumulate in the sequence of a gene of different species over time, instead of measuring time in seconds, minutes and hours.

2. Answer;

B. prokaryotes convert nitrogen-containing molecules into forms that can't be used by other organisms.


Explanation;

  • Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms whose cells lack membrane bound-nucleus and other organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, etc.
  • Prokaryotes include single celled organisms in domain archaea and bacteria. All prokaryotes contain plasma membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, a cell wall, DNA, and lack membrane-bound organelles.

3. Answer;

C. within very short spans of time.


Explanation;

  • All of the following patterns were witnessed by Darwin except that species vary within very short spans of time.
  • According to Darwin species vary globally, which means that different, yet ecologically similar, animal species inhabited separate, but ecologically similar habitats around the globe.

Darwin noticed three distinctive patterns of biological diversity which are;


  • Species vary globally,  
  • Species vary locally, and  
  • Species vary over time.

4. Answer;

A. White oaks are grouped in the genus Quercus.


Explanation;

  • The two species are closely related, due to the fact that they are in the same genus Quercus.
  • It also tells you that all of their taxonomic groups are the same, from domain to genus.
  • The two organisms differs in their species name, red oak belongs to the species rubra while white oak belongs to the species alba.

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