The change in pitch of a train's horn as it passes while you are standing still can be explained by
That change in pitch can be described by the math
of the Doppler effect. But that doesn't 'explain' it.
The correct answer is:
Doppler effect
Explanation:
The Doppler effect is the variation in wavelength or wavelength of a wave in relative to an observer who is moving to correspond to the wave source. It is described after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who explained the phenomenon in 1842.