…We have agreed on common policies and plans for enforcing the unconditional surrender

terms which we shall impose together on Nazi Germany after German armed resistance has

been finally crushed. These terms will not be made known until the final defeat of Germany

has been accomplished. Under the agreed plan, the forces of the three powers will each

occupy a separate zone of Germany. Coordinated administration and control has been

provided for under the plan through a central control commission consisting of the Supreme

Commanders of the three powers with headquarters in Berlin. It has been agreed that

France should be invited by the three powers, if she should so desire, to take over a zone of

occupation, and to participate as a fourth member of the control commission. The limits of

the French zone will be agreed by the four Governments concerned through their

representatives on the European Advisory Commission. …

— Joint Statement of President Franklin D. Roosevelt,

Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and

Marshal Joseph Stalin at Yalta, February 11, 1945


The plan described in this passage contributed to the

(1) complete removal of United States troops from Germany

(2) authorization for Germany to join the Axis powers

(3) long-term division of Germany into two nations

(4) domination of Germany by France