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  1. Enzymes are used to cleave DNA into fragments for gel electrophoresis
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Answer:

(1) enzymes

Explanation:

It is restriction enzymes specifically, which are used to cut DNA into fragments. Restriction enzymes can be regarded as biological scalpels which can produce either a blunt end or sticky end in DNA. The main characteristic feature of restriction enzymes is that they cut a DNA at a specific location which is known as restriction site. The restriction sites are located in multiple cloning site (MCS) region of chromosome. Some of the examples of restriction enzymes are EcoRI, BamHI, HindIII etc.

When we cut the DNA in small fragments, these fragments can be easily spotted in gel electrophoresis which gives us an idea of their size.

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