A species of insect is newly introduced into the United States from the Philippines. This insect becomes established, laying its eggs on the leaves of oak trees. How can a biologist determine if the relationship between the insect and the oak tree is commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism?

It is a type of biological interaction between two species in which one of the interacting species is benefitted while the other species is unaffected.

How is the above interaction commensalism?

Since the insect gets a safe place to lay its egg it gains from this interaction while the tree is unaffected.

When will this interaction be a mutualism interaction?

When both the organisms benefit from the interaction.
If the insect helps in the pollination of the tree while the insect gets a safe place to lay its egg.

When will this interaction be a parasitic interaction?

When one of the organism benefit at the expense of the other.
For example, If the insect sucks the sap of the tree on which it lays its egg. The insect benefits while the tree is harmed.

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