1. Which of the following nineteenth-century inventors is associated with Menlo Park in New Jersey?
   

AGustavus F. Swift

BAlexander Graham Bell

CCyrus W. Field

DThomas Alva Edison

1. Founded by Oliver H. Kelley, the organization that came to be known as the _______ provided
   

educational, social, and cultural activities to its rural members.

AFarm Guild

BPrairie Alliance

COkies

DGrange

1. In 1866, the Sioux Chief Red Cloud ambushed and massacred Union soldiers in an incident that would
   

be referred to as the _______ Massacre.

AWounded Knee

BChivrington

CLittle Big Horn

DFetterman12. Which of the following statements is true regarding the construction of the transcontinental railway?

AThe Sierra Nevadas were the most difficult obstacle for the Union Pacific Railroad.

BConstruction began in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1863 and in Sacramento, California, in 1865.

CMost workers for the Union Pacific Railroad were Chinese.

DMost workers on the Central Pacific leg of the railway were Chinese.

1. The Wade-Davis Bill passed by Congress, then vetoed by Lincoln, stipulated that _______ percent of
   

voters in a Confederate state must take an oath of future loyalty to the Union before a process of

restoration could begin.

A70

B50

C10

D20

1. Which of the following labor activists founded the American Federation of Labor?
   

ATerence Powderly

BUriah Stephens

CWilliam Sylvis

DSamuel Gompers

Which country lawyer from Ashtabula, Ohio, argued that criminals are not born, but are made by the

unjust condition of human life?

AWilliam Graham Sumner

BClarence Darrow

CHerbert Spencer

DWashington Gladden

1. In the later phases of the Civil War, General __________, running for president against Lincoln,
   

declared that he would not make emancipation a condition of reconstruction.

ALongstreet

BSherman

CMcClellan

DMeade

1. If you were one of the new immigrants who arrived in America in the 1880s, it's most likely that you
   

would have been

AIrish and Protestant.

BItalian and Catholic.

CSwedish and Protestant.

DGerman and Lutheran.

1. Which of the following statements about John D. Rockefeller is most accurate?
   

AHe founded the Standard Oil Company when he was 24 years old.

BHe considered competition to be the central ideal of capitalism.

End of exam

CHe invented the concept of vertical integration.

DHe drilled the first oil well near Titusville, Pennsylvania.

1. In the election of 1860, the _______ won the electoral votes of all the free states, except a fraction of
   

the New Jersey votes.

ARepublicans

BConstitutional Union Party

CWhigs

DDemocrats

1. The National _______ Act of 1902, provided proceeds from the sale of public lands for the
   

construction of dams, canals, and irrigation systems in sixteen Western states.

AReclamation

BRecovery

CLand Grant

DDevelopment