- Analyze the genetic difference data for all four species relative to Species Z.
- Understand that a lower count of genetic differences directly correlates to a closer evolutionary relationship.
- Compare the values (\(12, 3, 14, 28\)) and identify the minimum value of \(3\).
- Conclude that Species B is the most closely related, as it has the fewest genetic differences.
- The final answer is \(\boxed{\text{Species B}}\).
Explanation
- Analyzing Genetic Relatedness Data
To determine the most closely related species to Species Z, we analyze the provided data on genetic differences. The number of genetic differences between two species is a standard measure of evolutionary distance; specifically, a lower number of genetic differences indicates that the DNA sequences are more similar, which implies a higher degree of relatedness.
The data collected by the scientist is as follows:
- Species A: \(12\) genetic differences
- Species B: \(3\) genetic differences
- Species C: \(14\) genetic differences
- Species D: \(28\) genetic differences
- Comparing Genetic Differences
We now compare the number of genetic differences for each species relative to Species Z. Our goal is to identify the species with the lowest number, as this indicates the highest genetic similarity.
Comparing the values:
\(3 < 12 < 14 < 28\)
The smallest number of genetic differences is \(3\), which corresponds to Species B. This signifies that Species B has the fewest differences from the genetic makeup of Species Z among the four options provided.
- Conclusion
Based on our analysis, Species B, with only \(3\) genetic differences, is the most closely related to Species Z. Therefore, the correct species is Species B. The final answer is \(\boxed{\text{Species B}}\).
Examples
In conservation biology, researchers often use DNA analysis to track the lineage of endangered animals. By comparing genetic markers, they can determine if two populations are closely related or if they have diverged significantly over time. For example, if a population of birds on an island shows fewer genetic differences compared to a mainland population, it suggests they have not been separated for very long, helping scientists prioritize which groups need the most urgent protection or how to manage cross-breeding programs.