- The solubility of gases like carbon dioxide in water decreases as the water temperature increases.
- Compare the given water temperatures: \(78 ^\circ\text{C}\), \(73 ^\circ\text{C}\), \(55 ^\circ\text{C}\), and \(63 ^\circ\text{C}\).
- The highest temperature is \(78 ^\circ\text{C}\), which corresponds to Sample 1.
- Because it has the highest temperature, Sample 1 has the lowest solubility. \(\boxed{1}\)
Explanation
- Analysis of Solubility and Temperature Principle
We have four samples of carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water at different temperatures. To determine which sample has the lowest solubility, we need to apply the physical principle that the solubility of gases in liquids typically decreases as the temperature of the liquid increases. Therefore, the sample dissolved at the highest water temperature will have the lowest solubility.
- Comparing Temperature Values
We are given the following water temperatures for each sample:
- Sample 1: \(78 ^\circ\text{C}\)
- Sample 2: \(73 ^\circ\text{C}\)
- Sample 3: \(55 ^\circ\text{C}\)
- Sample 4: \(63 ^\circ\text{C}\)
Comparing these values:
\(55 < 63 < 73 < 78\)
The highest temperature among these is \(78 ^\circ\text{C}\).
- Conclusion
Since Sample 1 was dissolved at the highest temperature (\(78 ^\circ\text{C}\)), and solubility decreases as temperature increases, Sample 1 corresponds to the lowest solubility of carbon dioxide in water. Therefore, the sample that most likely had the lowest solubility is Sample 1. The final answer is \(\boxed{1}\).
Examples
Understanding how temperature affects gas solubility is essential in various real-life scenarios, such as carbonated beverage manufacturing and environmental science. For instance, in soft drink production, cold water is used to keep the carbon dioxide dissolved; if the liquid warms up, the gas escapes more easily, leading to a loss of carbonation. Similarly, in natural water bodies, industrial thermal pollution—where heated water is discharged into rivers—can reduce the dissolved oxygen levels, potentially harming aquatic life that relies on that oxygen. Recognizing these relationships allows us to better manage resources and industrial processes for quality and environmental safety.