- Identify that solubility of solids generally increases with temperature and that table sugar is inherently more soluble than table salt.
- Compare the two sugar samples, noting that the one at a higher temperature (Sample 1) has higher solubility.
- Recognize that sugar is much more soluble than salt, confirming that the high-temperature sugar sample (Sample 1) outperforms all salt samples.
- Conclude that Sample 1 is the correct choice, which corresponds to option \(\boxed{a}\).
Explanation
- Problem Analysis and Solubility Principles
We are given four samples of solutes dissolved in water at various temperatures and asked to identify which one exhibits the highest solubility. The data provided includes:
- Sample 1: Table sugar (\(\text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{22}\text{O}_{11}\)) at \(80^\circ\text{C}\)
- Sample 2: Table sugar (\(\text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{22}\text{O}_{11}\)) at \(45^\circ\text{C}\)
- Sample 3: Table salt (\(\text{NaCl}\)) at \(55^\circ\text{C}\)
- Sample 4: Table salt (\(\text{NaCl}\)) at \(63^\circ\text{C}\)
Solubility describes the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. For most solid solutes in water, solubility increases as the temperature increases. Additionally, we must consider the inherent chemical properties of the solute. Table sugar, or sucrose, is known to have a much higher solubility in water compared to table salt, which shows relatively low solubility that does not change drastically with temperature.
- Comparing Samples and Determining the Highest Solubility
To determine which sample has the highest solubility, we evaluate the solutes and the temperatures:
- First, we compare table sugar to table salt. Table sugar is significantly more soluble in water than table salt.
- Second, we look at the temperature influence on the sugar samples. Sample 1 is at \(80^\circ\text{C}\), and Sample 2 is at \(45^\circ\text{C}\). Since solubility of sugar increases with temperature, Sample 1 will have higher solubility than Sample 2.
- Finally, comparing all samples, Sample 1 (sugar at \(80^\circ\text{C}\)) combines the inherently more soluble substance (sugar) with the higher temperature among the sugar samples. Therefore, Sample 1 should have the highest solubility of all four.
- Conclusion
Based on the analysis, Sample 1, which consists of table sugar dissolved at \(80^\circ\text{C}\), represents the condition for the highest solubility among the choices provided. Therefore, the correct answer is \(a\).
\(\boxed{a}\)
Examples
Understanding solubility is essential in many everyday activities, such as cooking and food preservation. For instance, when making a concentrated sugar syrup for candies or jams, you need to heat the water to dissolve a large amount of sugar that would not otherwise dissolve at room temperature. Similarly, knowing how substances dissolve helps in industrial processes like pharmaceutical formulation or water treatment, where controlling the amount of dissolved solids is critical for product quality and safety.