For the studies described below, identify the following information: a) the population and b) the sample.



1) The Gallup Organization conducted a poll of 1,003 Americans in its household panel to determine what percentage of people plan to cancel their summer vacation because of the increase in gasoline prices.



2) Harris Interactive surveyed 2,435 U.S. adults nationwide and asked them to rate the quality of American public schools.



3) The American Institute of Education conducts an annual study of attitudes of incoming college students by surveying approximately 261,000 first-year students at 462 colleges and universities. There are approximately 1.6 million first-year college students in this country.



4) In a USA Today Internet poll, readers responded voluntarily to the question "Do you consume at least one caffeinated beverage every day?"



5) Astronomers typically determine the distance to a galaxy by measuring the distances to just a few stars within it and taking the mean (average) of these distance measurements.



Determine whether the result would be a parameter or a statistic (and explain your reasoning):



6) A survey of 1,103 students was taken from a university with 19,500 students about whether they plan to graduate in four years. Of the 1,103 students, 55% plan to graduate in four years.



7) The 2006 team payroll of the New York Mets was $101,084,963.



8) In a recent study of physics majors at the university, 15 students were double majoring in math.



9) A recent survey by the alumni of a major university indicated that the average salary of 10,000 of its 300,000 graduates was $125,000.



10) The average salary of all assembly-line employees at a certain car manufacturer is $33,000.

Verified Answer :

Final answer:

In statistics, the population is the complete group, while the sample is a subset of that group used for analysis. Examples from various studies showcase the populations and their respective samples effectively. Understanding the distinction between parameters and statistics is crucial in statistical analysis.


Explanation:

Understanding Population and Sample

In statistics, the population refers to the entire group that is the subject of a study, while the sample is a subset of that population used to make inferences about the entire group.

1) Gallup Organization Poll

  • Population: All Americans
  • Sample: 1003 Americans from the Gallup household panel

2) Harris Interactive Survey

  • Population: All U.S. adults
  • Sample: 2435 U.S. adults surveyed

3) American Institute of Education Study

  • Population: All first-year college students in the U.S. (approximately 1.6 million)
  • Sample: 261,000 first-year students surveyed at 462 colleges

4) USA Today Internet Poll

  • Population: All readers of USA Today
  • Sample: Readers who voluntarily responded to the poll

5) Astronomers' Distance Measurement

  • Population: All stars in the galaxy
  • Sample: A few stars measured to determine distance

6) University Graduate Survey

  • Population: All students at the university (19,500 students)
  • Sample: 1103 students surveyed

7) New York Mets Team Payroll

  • Population: The New York Mets' payroll
  • Sample: Not applicable as this is a single data point

8) Study of Physics Majors

  • Population: All physics majors at the university
  • Sample: 15 students who are double majoring

9) Alumni Salary Survey

  • Population: All graduates of the major university (300,000 graduates)
  • Sample: 10,000 graduates surveyed

10) Average Salary of Assembly-Line Employees

  • Population: All assembly-line employees at the car manufacturer
  • Sample: Not specified; this is a calculated population metric

Within these contexts, the difference between a parameter and a statistic is significant. A parameter is a numerical value that describes a characteristic of a population, while a statistic describes a characteristic of a sample. For example, in question 6, the percentage of 55% of students planning to graduate in four years is a statistic because it is calculated from the sample of 1103 students, whereas if it was regarding all 19,500 students, it would be a parameter.


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