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3.1 Name two methods used to coat metal surfaces to prevent rusting or improve their appearance. (2)



3.2 Name two methods that can be used to join metal components in landscape construction. (2)



3.3 State two effects that changes in moisture can have on wood. (2)



3.4 Name two types of organisms that can attack and cause deterioration in unprotected wood. (2)



3.5 State why holes created by drilling or sawing treated wood should receive additional chemical treatment. (2)



3.6 Define fibres as described in the study material. (2)



3.7 Define a polymer in terms of its molecular structure. (2)



3.8 Identify two landscape applications of polymers mentioned in the study material. (2)



3.9 Name the two types of clay bricks identified in the study material. (2)



3.10 Name two ingredients mixed with Portland cement to produce concrete. (2)

Verified Answer :

Final answer:

The answer provides methods for preventing rust on metals and joining them in landscape construction, along with effects of moisture on wood, types of organisms that damage wood, and definitions of fibres and polymers. It lists applications of polymers in landscaping, types of clay bricks, and ingredients for making concrete. Each section presents critical information for understanding material properties and applications in engineering contexts.


Explanation:

Methods to Prevent Rusting and Improve Appearance of Metal

To prevent rusting or improve the appearance of metal surfaces, two commonly used methods are:

  1. Galvanization: This involves coating the metal with a layer of zinc, which provides a protective barrier against moisture and oxygen, thereby preventing rust.
  2. Powder Coating: This is a process where a dry powder is applied to the surface of the metal and then heated to create a hard finish that protects against corrosion and enhances appearance.

Joining Metal Components in Landscape Construction

In landscape construction, two methods used to join metal components include:

  1. Welding: This involves fusing metal pieces together using high heat.
  2. Bolting: This method uses bolts and nuts to mechanically fasten metal parts without changing their structure.

Effects of Moisture Changes on Wood

Changes in moisture can have the following effects on wood:

  1. Swelling: When wood absorbs moisture, it expands, which can lead to warping.
  2. Shrinking: Conversely, if wood loses moisture, it shrinks, potentially causing cracks.

Organisms Causing Deterioration in Wood

Two types of organisms that can attack and cause deterioration in unprotected wood are:

  1. Termites: These insects feed on wood, causing significant structural damage.
  2. Fungi: Certain fungi can rot wood by breaking down its cellulose and lignin.

Additional Treatment for Drilled or Sawed Treated Wood

Holes created by drilling or sawing treated wood should receive additional chemical treatment because:

  1. Exposure of Untreated Wood: The cut surfaces expose the untreated inner wood, making it susceptible to moisture and decay.
  2. Preserving Treatment Effectiveness: Additional treatment ensures that the protective chemicals penetrate these cut areas, enhancing durability.

Definition of Fibres

Fibres are defined as:

  1. Long, slender structural elements typically made of cellulose or synthetic materials, which provide strength and flexibility in various applications.

Definition of a Polymer

A polymer is defined in terms of its molecular structure as:

  1. A large molecule composed of repeating structural units (monomers) that are covalently bonded together, resulting in long chains that exhibit unique physical properties.

Landscape Applications of Polymers

Two landscape applications of polymers include:

  1. Geotextiles: Used for soil stabilization and erosion control.
  2. Plastic Pavers: Employed for creating durable pathways and patios.

Types of Clay Bricks

Two types of clay bricks identified are:

  1. Common Brick: Generally used for construction and masonry work.
  2. Fire Brick: Designed to withstand high temperatures, often used in fireplaces and kilns.

Ingredients Mixed with Portland Cement to Produce Concrete

Two ingredients mixed with Portland cement to produce concrete are:

  1. Water: Essential for initiating the chemical reaction and achieving the desired consistency.
  2. Aggregates: Such as sand and gravel, which provide bulk and strength to the concrete.

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