Verified Answer :

  • The task requires providing examples of compounds for given organic families: alcohol and amide.
  • An alcohol contains a hydroxyl (\(-OH\)) functional group; ethanol (\(C_2H_5OH\)) is a standard example.
  • An amide contains a carbonyl-nitrogen (\(CONH_2\)) linkage; acetamide (\(CH_3CONH_2\)) is a standard example.
  • The completed table identifies the compounds as follows: \(\boxed{\text{Ethanol (alcohol), Acetamide (amide)}}\).

Explanation

  1. Understanding the Task and Organic Families

The provided table displays two functional groups: 'alcohol' and 'amide'. The task is to provide common organic compound examples that belong to these respective families, thereby completing the table. An organic family is defined by the presence of a specific functional group, which dictates the chemical properties of the molecules containing it.

  1. Identifying an Alcohol Example

An alcohol is an organic compound that contains one or more hydroxyl groups (\(-OH\)) attached to a saturated carbon atom. A simple and classic example of an alcohol is ethanol. Ethanol, with the chemical formula \(C_2H_5OH\), is the alcohol found in many common household products and beverages. Another representative example is methanol (\(CH_3OH\)). We will use ethanol for our table.

  1. Identifying an Amide Example

An amide is an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (\(C=O\)) bonded to a nitrogen atom. The general structure is \(R-CONH_2\) (where \(R\) is a hydrogen or an organic group). A simple and well-known example of an amide is acetamide, with the formula \(CH_3CONH_2\). This compound is formed by the reaction of acetic acid with ammonia. We will use acetamide as our example for the amide family.

  1. Presenting the Completed Table

We now combine the information to complete the table, showing the relationship between the compound and its family.

compoundfamily \) Ethanol (\(C_2H_5OH\))alcohol \) Acetamide (\(CH_3CONH_2\))amide \)

This completes the classification requirement.

Examples

In chemistry, identifying organic families is crucial for predicting how a substance will react. For instance, knowing that ethanol is an alcohol helps chemists understand its ability to undergo oxidation to become an aldehyde or acid. Similarly, identifying acetamide as an amide helps in understanding its specific stability and reactivity in biological processes, such as the formation of protein peptide bonds, which are effectively amide linkages. Mastery of these functional groups allows students to organize thousands of organic compounds into logical categories.

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