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Based on the condensed chemical structure of 2-propenol, determine the following facts about the 2-propenol molecule:


  • Number of carbon-carbon single $(C - C)$ bonds:
  • Number of carbon-hydrogen single $(C - H)$ bonds:
  • Number of oxygen-hydrogen single $(O - H)$ bonds:
  • Number of lone pairs:

Verified Answer :

  • The structure is \(CH_2=CH-CH_2-OH\).
  • There is 1 C-C single bond, 5 C-H single bonds, 1 O-H single bond, and 2 lone pairs on the oxygen atom.
  • The values are:
  • Carbon-carbon single bonds: \(\boxed{1}\)
  • Carbon-hydrogen single bonds: \(\boxed{5}\)
  • Oxygen-hydrogen single bonds: \(\boxed{1}\)
  • Lone pairs: \(\boxed{2}\)

Explanation

  1. Analyzing the structure of 2-propenol

The structure of 2-propenol (also known as allyl alcohol) is \(CH_2=CH-CH_2-OH\). To determine the number of bonds and lone pairs, we analyze the connectivity and bonding of each atom in the molecule. The carbon chain consists of three carbons, where the second and third carbons are connected by a double bond, and the first and second carbons are connected by a single bond. There is also a hydroxyl group (\(-OH\)) attached to the first carbon.

  1. Counting bonds and lone pairs
  2. Carbon-Carbon (C-C) single bonds: The chain is \(CH_2=CH-CH_2-OH\). We have a double bond between the third and second carbon, and a single bond between the second and first carbon. Thus, there is 1 carbon-carbon single bond.
  3. Carbon-Hydrogen (C-H) single bonds: We count the hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon:
  • The third carbon (\(CH_2\)) has 2 hydrogens.
  • The second carbon (\(CH\)) has 1 hydrogen.
  • The first carbon (\(CH_2\)) has 2 hydrogens.

Summing these, we have \(2 + 1 + 2 = 5\) carbon-hydrogen bonds.

  1. Oxygen-Hydrogen (O-H) single bonds: The hydroxyl group \((-OH)\) is attached to the carbon chain. This group contains exactly 1 oxygen-hydrogen single bond.
  2. Lone pairs: Oxygen in an alcohol molecule like this one typically possesses two non-bonding valence electron pairs, known as lone pairs. Thus, there are 2 lone pairs in the 2-propenol molecule.
  1. Conclusion and Final Answers

Based on our structural analysis of 2-propenol (\(CH_2=CH-CH_2-OH\)):

  • The number of carbon-carbon single bonds is 1.
  • The number of carbon-hydrogen single bonds is 5.
  • The number of oxygen-hydrogen single bonds is 1.
  • The number of lone pairs is 2.

Examples

Understanding the molecular structure of compounds like 2-propenol (allyl alcohol) is fundamental in organic chemistry, particularly when predicting reactivity or intermolecular forces. For example, knowing the number of hydrogen bonds an alcohol can form, which is influenced by lone pairs and the hydroxyl group, helps chemists estimate boiling points, solubility, and how the substance interacts with other chemicals in a reaction mixture. By visualizing the bonds as a framework, scientists can more accurately model how these molecules participate in polymerization or other industrial synthesis processes.

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