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Pressman and Wildavsky believed that results too often fall short of promise because the "seamless web" of programs tends to become very complex—and the greater the complexity, the greater the chance of failure.


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Final answer:

Pressman and Wildavsky argue that that as the complexity of interconnected programs increases, so does the likelihood of failure. They suggest that this complexity is a significant barrier to achieving expected results. Therefore, simplifying these processes could potentially improve outcomes.


Explanation:

Understanding Pressman and Wildavsky's Views

Pressman and Wildavsky's assertion suggests that when managing programs and policies, the interconnectedness and complexity (often referred to as the "seamless web") can lead to outcomes that do not meet expectations. As programs evolve and grow in complexity, the likelihood of failure increases due to multiple factors such as miscommunication, lack of coordination, and unforeseen consequences. This perspective highlights the importance of simplifying processes and ensuring clear communication to achieve desired results.

Key Points

  • Complexity can lead to mismanagement.
  • Each program's interdependence amplifies challenges.
  • Reducing complexity may enhance operational effectiveness.

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