Both are measurements of quantity. A dozen refers to twelve discrete objects, like a dozen doughnuts. A mole refers to a much larger quantity, 6.022 x 10^23 discrete objects, like a mole of carbon atoms. Both terms can technically be applied to anything that can be counted. However, a dozen is typically used to refer to items being sold (like baked goods, produce, or articles of clothing), while a mole is rarely used to refer to anything other than particles