Answer:
c. To make a reference to a work that audiences already know.
Explanation:
Not only does the title of Steinbeck´s novel, The grapes of wrath, reference the bible, but the novel as a whole does too. The reference in particular is made to the book of Revelations where the famous biblical passages that describe the Apocalypse are elaborated, which is not only a frightening imagery to reference, but also, a very fitting one considering the novel, the desperation, the anguish, and the pain therein treated.
