Final answer:
Mutations are permanent changes in the genetic material of organisms caused by various factors like replication errors or exposure to mutagens.
Explanation:
Mutations are permanent alterations in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genetic material. They can result from various factors like errors during replication, exposure to radiation, or chemical mutagens. Different types of mutations include substitution, deletion, insertion, and translocation, which can have various effects ranging from harmful to neutral.
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