Answered

Non-specific defense includes:
Select one:
O a. first and second line of defense
O b. second and third line of defense
O c. first line of defense
O d. first, second and third line of defense

Verified Answer :

GinnyAnswer

Final answer:

The first line of defense includes physical barriers like intact skin and mucous membranes, and the second line involves inflammation and phagocytosis. The third line is the specific immune response. Examples of nonspecific defenses are intact skin, chemicals like stomach acid, and cells like macrophages.


Explanation:

Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms in the Body

The first line of defense includes physical barriers like intact skin and mucous membranes, which prevent pathogens from entering the body. The second line of defense involves the inflammatory response and phagocytosis by nonspecific leukocytes to combat pathogens that manage to penetrate the initial barriers.

Third Line of Defense

The third line of defense is the specific immune response that targets specific pathogens and provides immunity upon subsequent exposures.

Examples of Nonspecific Defenses

  1. Intact skin acts as a physical barrier preventing pathogen entry.
  2. Chemicals, like stomach acid, destroy ingested pathogens.
  3. Cells, such as macrophages, engulf and destroy pathogens.

Learn more about Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms here:

https://brainly.com/question/33885530


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