Final answer:
Work in physics is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. Situation B with a man pushing a car exemplifies work being done, while in Situations A and C, with a book sitting on a shelf and a woman holding a phone at a constant height, respectively, work is not being done.
Explanation:
Work in physics is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. It depends on the component of the force that is parallel to the motion.
In the given situations, Situation B: A man pushes a car down the road is an example where work is being done because the force applied by the man causes the car to move in the direction of the force.
However, Situation A: A book sits on a shelf and Situation C: A woman holds her phone at a constant height are examples where work is not being done since there is no motion or movement of the objects despite the presence of forces.
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