Answered

In operant conditioning, reinforcement is
O maintained by associations made with other learned stimuli
defined by the effect that it produces-increasing or strengthening behavior
O based upon behaviors that are elicited by discriminative stimuli
O related to internal events that are subsequently observable through overt behavior

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Final answer:

Reinforcement in operant conditioning strengthens behaviors through positive or negative consequences. Associated stimuli modify behavioral responses in conditioned behaviors. Various reinforcement schedules are used to reward behaviors consistently or variably.


Explanation:

Reinforcement in operant conditioning is defined by the effect it produces - increasing or strengthening behavior. For example, giving a dog a treat each time it sits on command reinforces the behavior of sitting. There are four types of reinforcement: positive, negative, punishment, and extinction.

Conditioned behaviors in operant conditioning involve associative learning, where a stimulus becomes associated with a consequence, modifying the behavioral response based on its consequences. Operant conditioning, based on the work of B. F. Skinner, involves reinforcing or punishing target behaviors to shape future behavior.

All reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a behavioral response, while punishment decreases the likelihood. Different reinforcement schedules are utilized to reward behavior based on set or variable time periods.


Learn more about Operant conditioning and reinforcement in psychology here:

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