Final answer:
Collectivization involved converting privately owned land into collective farms and state farms, aiming to enhance government control over agriculture. Peasant uprisings, sparked by oppressive estate systems, led to significant political changes in countries like China.
Explanation:
Collectivization: This system, where private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government, was practiced in the Soviet Union as part of the agrarian policy of 'collectivization' in the 1920s. It involved converting individually owned land into collective farms and state farms.
Communal Farms: Peasants were organized into communes in China, where small private plots were abolished. This action aimed at enhancing collectivization and maintaining government control over agricultural production.
Peasant Uprisings: Countries like China experienced peasant uprisings due to oppressive estate systems. Higher taxes and rents on peasants' land led to unrest, culminating in political changes like the Communist takeover in 1949.
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