Final answer:
Inductive and deductive reasoning in science.
Explanation:
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. This type of reasoning is common in descriptive science. For example, surveying land use across the United States and concluding that forested areas are concentrated in the West is an instance of inductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning, on the other hand, is used in hypothesis-based science. It involves using a general principle or law to predict specific outcomes. An example is predicting changes in plant and animal distribution due to climate change based on temperature increases.
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