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Examples of falsification of data: (Check all that apply)
Pre-dating and backdating (postdating) entries.
Rounding data when not specified by a procedure or specification.
Recording a time estimate rather than the actual time of occurrence.
Obliterating an original entry.

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Final answer:

Falsification of data involves fabricating or misrepresenting data, which can have severe ethical consequences. Examples include manipulating data sets, altering existing data, and engaging in p-hacking.


Explanation:

Falsification of data involves fabricating data, ignoring contradicting data, using someone else's work without acknowledgment, or misrepresenting data. It can lead to serious ethical breaches and jeopardize reputations.

Examples of falsifying data include creating datasets that confirm expectations, altering existing data, changing measuring instruments without disclosure, and misrepresenting the number of subjects in an experiment.

Researchers should avoid practices like p-hacking where they manipulate data selection to achieve a significant result, which constitutes scientific fraud.


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