Document 2

…Organization was the key to the success of the great Mongol armies. The cavalry, first devised

by Genghis Khan, consisted of 10 squadrons. Ten squadrons formed a quran of 1,000 men.

Daily drills taught the warriors to move as units and respond quickly. In combat, bowmen

formed a front line to unleash a hail of arrows at the enemy. The archers would then fall to the

rear to allow well-armed units to charge and overrun the enemy.

As Kublai Khan turned his sights on the heavily fortified Chinese empire, he drew on another

of Genghis’ strategies: siege warfare using catapults. The Mongols applied these techniques with

greater force and in greater numbers than ever before in history. This approach would prove

useful in overpowering the great Chinese cities in the years ahead.…

Source: Duane Damon, “From Genghis to Kublai,” Calliope, A Cobblestone Publication

According to Duane Damon, what were two methods of conquest used by the Mongols?