Document 2

… Though much of what the Mongols wrought [brought about] on their westward march was

destructive, some benefits were reaped from their forays [raids] into Europe and conquests in

Muslim areas. By example, they taught new ways of making war and impressed on their Turkic

and European enemies the effectiveness of gunpowder.

As we have seen, Mongol conquests facilitated [aided] trade between the civilizations at each

end of Eurasia, making possible the exchange of foods, tools, and ideas on an unprecedented

scale. The revived trade routes brought great wealth to traders such as those from north Italy,

who set up outposts in the eastern Mediterranean, along the Black Sea coast, and as far east

as the Caspian Sea. Because the establishment of these trading empires by the Venetians and

Genoese provided precedents [examples] for the later drives for overseas expansion by

peoples such as the Portuguese and English, they are of special significance in global

history.…

Source: Robert Guisepi, “The Last Great Nomadic Challenges – From Chinggis Khan to Timur,”

The Mongols, International World History Project online

According to Robert Guisepi, what was one change that resulted from the interaction between Europeans

and Mongols? [1]