• Opium War (1839–1842)

• Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864)

• Boxer Rebellion (1898–1901)

This series of events is most closely associated

with the

(1) spread of communism to China and Korea

(2) growing concerns about the influence of the

West in China

(3) alliance formed between Vietnam and China

(4) increasing expansion of civil and political

rights in China