A.)
Inefficiency and obsoleteness of the soviet farming methods were the main reason behind the creation of collective farming methods by Joseph Stalin. He believed collectivization was the key to significantly boost the agricultural sector and to address the socio-economic issues arising from it.
Further Explanation:
The collectivization as a policy was by and large in lines of the communist government policies. The per capita outputs were significantly low in the beginning and first half of the 20th century in Soviet. Farming lands were divided into small fragments which limited the scope of productive technical agrarian equipment. Manual labors could not produce enough to maintain food security in the soviet. Low efficiency resulted in low output hence low income, this vicious cycle tied the agrarian economy on the verge of crisis.
To deal with these uncertainties Stalin introduced Collective Farming in his First Five Year Plan. According to soviet leaders, it was to boost agricultural output through the collectivization of labor and land into collective farms (kolkhozy) on a large scale. He argued that collective farming would free landless-labors and peasants from bondage labor under Kulaks (farmland owners). He argued that larger landholding would facilitate the use of modern equipment. Also, fewer officials would be required for administration resulting in increased efficiency and transparency.
People could not connect with Stalin's ideas and vision of collectivization. The immediate result of forceful collectivization was widespread resistance, lowered output, livestock reduced to half.
Stalin ordered to deport farmers to Siberia and resorted to the use of brutal force and mass murder. As a result of the forced collectivization, the soviet's centuries-old agricultural system was destroyed. Approx 11 million people died due to famine in 1932-33 alone. The fertile land once known as “The Bread-Basket of Europe” turned into the famine-struck region.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: History
Chapter: NA
Keywords: Inefficiency and Obsoleteness, Collective Farming, Collectivization, Socio-Economic Issues, Per Capita Output, Fragmented lands, Manual Labor, Vicious Cycle, Five Year Plan, Kolkhozy, Kulaks, Modern Equipment, Brutal Force, Mass Murder.
