Let f be a differentiable function such that f(3) = 2 and f'(3) = 5. If the tangent line to the graph of f at x = 3 is used to find an approximation to a zero of f, that approximation is?

So confused

Verified Answer :

The linear approximation to \(f(x)\) centered at \(x=a\) is

\(f(x)\approx f(a)+f'(a)(x-a)\)

What this means is that you can use the tangent line to \(f(x)\) at \(x=a\) to get a decent approximation of \(f(x)\) at some other value of \(x\) to within a certain degree of accuracy depending on how close this value \(x\) is close to \(a\). (Note that when \(x=a\), the approximation is exact; \(f(a)=f(a)\).)

So what you're asked to do is find an approximate value of a zero of \(f(x)\) near \(a=3\). That is to say, you're looking for some value \(c\) such that \(f(c)=0\), but all you have at your disposal is the linear approximation to the function.

\(f(x)\approx f(3)+f'(3)(x-3)\)
\(f(x)\approx2+5(x-2)\)
\(f(x)\approx5x-8\)

You know that if \(c\) is a zero of \(f\), then \(f(c)=0\), so you get

\(f(c)=0\approx5c-8\)

Solving for \(c\), you find

\(0=5c-8\implies 5c=8\implies c=\dfrac85=1.6\)

This means that an approximate zero of \(f(x)\) is \(x=1.6\).