When atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons, they form covalent bond.
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms complete there outermost shell by sharing one or more pairs of electrons. This is done to attain the stability like the inert gases.
For example in the formation of chlorine molecule, the two chlorine atoms in the chlorine molecule are joined by a shared pair of electrons. This is further illustrated in the diagram below.
Properties of covalent compounds include:
- They form only molecules, hence, they do not conduct electricity.
- They are usually insoluble in water, but dissolve mainly in organic solvents.
- They have low melting and boiling points.
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