1. Traits are the inheritable characters, which are transmitted from the parent to the offspring. The crossing over of traits leads to adaptations and evolution.
Derived character is a trait is defined as the trait present in the common ancestor of a certain lineage, which passed along its descendants. For example, the big ears and fuzzy tails are derived characters. The derived traits can be appeared due to the loss or gain of a characteristic.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A.
2. Charles Darwin was termed as the Father of Evolution, as he proposed the theory of natural selection and the survival of the fittest.
Darwin's observation of the Galapagos islands led to the discovery of evolution and adaptation. Darwin observed that the species of tortoises live in the different environmental conditions on the islands.
The resources available to the tortoises will lead to their adaptations, such as plants eating the grass will have shorter necks and round shells.
Thus, the correct answer is Option B.
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