The correct answer is C. Weather conditions change rather quickly (sunny one day, rainy the next), while the climate of a region is fairly set in stone for many years.
A is wrong because weather conditions only take minutes to change (technically), and climate changes take years and years.
B is wrong because weather is the one that describes specific conditions (partly cloudy with 70% chance of ran...), not climate, which is more average.
And lastly, D is wrong because climate conditions change so slowly that we have plenty of time to predict it, think of our climate changes today. Weather conditions are not consistent from year to year (could have rained on your birthday last year, it doesn't mean it will rain on your birthday this year).
Good luck! :)
