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Scientists mark where they found the fossils and how deep they were. By analyzing soil layers in the ground they can create a timeline. The soil on the bottom is the oldest and the soil on top is the youngest. A fossil found in the top layer of sediment would be younger than one found in the bottom layer.

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This is gonna be a rubbish explanation but here goes:

Older fossils are found deeper in the earth's crust so the deeper the fossils the older the relic or whatever. So Historians compare how deep all the different objects are and they create a time line. Most of the time Historians can tell whether two relic were made in the same era by the different designs, what the object was made of and also how deep it was.

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