Answer:
If we want to talk about something that is happening at this time, we have to use the present progressive tense.
In Spanish the present progressive is similar to English, it is used to refer about an action that is currently happening.
This is written with the verb estar (to be) plus the verb in present participle, also called gerund:
Subject (not always necessary in spanish) + estar (TO BE) + main verb in gerund + complement
If we want to write a complete sentence, we have to be careful because the verb estar must be correctly conjugated with each subject pronoun, as follows:
1st person singular: Yo estoy
2nd person singular: Tú estás
3rd person singular: Él/Ella/eso/esa está
1st person plural: Nosotros estamos
2nd person plural: Ustedes(In latinAmerica)/Vosotros(In Spain) están/estais
3rd person plural: Ellos/Ellas están
Nevertheless, it is important to note that in Spanish grammar is not always necessary that the subject is explicitly in the sentence, it is called Tacit Subject, Implicit Subject or Null Subject.
This is because the subject is encoded in the verb conjugation, therefore it is not necessary the subject pronoun to recognize the correct present progressive form.
Now, according to this explanation the sentences that fulfil the condition of present progressive tense are:
- Julio está jugando videojuegos (Julio is playing video games)
- Mi papá está descansando en el sofá (My dad is resting on the couch)
- El perro está mordiendo el hueso (The dog is biting the bone)
- Micaela está mirando una película (Micaela is watching a movie)
- Está lloviendo mucho (It's raining a lot)
The following three sentences are incorrect because are written in past tense:
El año pasado fuimos al mar (Last year we went to the sea)
Hace dos horas comenzó la película (The movie started two hours ago)
Anoche comimos pupusas (Last night we ate pupusas)
And the following is incorrect as well, because is written in future tense:
Mañana haremos ejercicio (Tomorrow we will exercise)
