The correct answer is D) Modernization and industrialization occurred in Japan by chance and circumstance.
Modernization and industrialization occurred in Japan by chance and circumstance when Matthew Perry, an American United States Navy officer arrived in Japan in 1853 to demand Japanese leaders to open its ports to foreign trade. Perry carried weapons and technology vastly superior that the Japanese’s. This situation made Japanese leaders to pose the question of fall behind world powers or to start a transformation that changes the life of Japan. Then Japanese Emperor Meji started the renovation of Japan in 1868 that ended in important industrial, economic, political, and social changes.
