The equations above are all in the format \(y = mx + c\), where \(m\) = the gradient, or slope.
So, in the first question, \(y = 4x + 2\), the gradient would be 4, because 4 is \(m\) in this equation (the number before the \(x\)).
The gradient of a line perpendicular to this line is equal to the negative reciprocal of the gradient of the line. A better way to explain it is if \(m\) = the gradient of the line and \(m'\) = the gradient of the perpendicular line then:
\(m' = - \frac{1}{m}\)
So in the first question, the gradient of the perpendicular line is \(- \frac{1}{4}\).
