1. Which of the following is true of a population that is evolving by means of natural selection? (1 point)
   

A.)Acquired characteristics are passed down from parent to offspring.

B.)Organisms best adapted to their environment have the highest fitness.

C.)Allele frequencies of all mutations are continuously increasing.

D.)Alleles become more or less common in the population through a series of chance occurrences.

1. Which of the following explains the relationship between alleles and natural selection? (1 point)
   

A.) Alleles control an organism’s genotype. Natural selection works directly on the genotype.

B)Alleles control an organism’s genotype. Natural selection works directly on the phenotype.

C.) Alleles control an organism’s phenotype. Natural selection works directly on the genotype.

D.)Alleles control an organism’s phenotype. Natural selection works directly on the phenotype.

1. Which of the following must occur in order for speciation to take place? (1 point)
   

A.) Populations within a species must be reproductively isolated.

B.)Populations within a species must be geographically isolated.

C.) Populations within a species must be behaviorally isolated.

D)Populations within a species must be temporally isolated.

1. Which of the following describes an adaptation? (1 point)
   

Aan adaptation increases the fitness of the individual

Ban adaptation decreases the fitness of the individual

Can adaptation does not affect the fitness of an individual

Dan adaptation results from genetic drift

1. What does each node on a cladogram represent? (1 point)
   

Athe point at which a derived character appeared

Bthe point at which a new clade begins

Cthe point at which two groups shared a common ancestor

Dthe point at which two groups no longer look like each other

1. Which of the following is not an observation that was made by Darwin? (1 point)
   

Adifferent animals living in similar environments often had similar characteristics

Bclosely related animals living in different environments often had different features

Cfossilized, ancient creatures sometimes had similar features to living creatures

Dall living things share a universal genetic code

1. What is the principle of common descent? (1 point)
   

AThe principle of common descent is the idea that all living and extinct organisms shared a common ancestor at some point in their evolutionary history.

BThe principle of common descent is the idea that organisms that evolve in the same environment will have the same characteristics.

CThe principle of common descent is the idea that the fittest members of a population will survive and produce more offspring.

DThe principle of common descent is the idea that organisms evolve at a slow and steady rate.

1. The area in which a population of white and brown mice live has started getting much more snow than it has in the past. If this trend continues, what would you expect to happen to the alleles that code for white and brown fur? (1 point)
   

AThe allele for brown fur would probably increase as genetic drift works on the population.

BThe allele for white fur would probably increase as genetic drift works on the population .

CThe allele for brown fur would probably increase as natural selection works on the population.

DThe allele for white fur would probably increase as natural selection works on the population.

1. At one time, there were many more cheetahs than there are today. About 10,000 years ago, a change in climate caused all but a relatively small number of cheetahs to go extinct. What type of evolutionary mechanism acted on the remaining cheetahs? (1 point)
   

Athe founder effect

Bthe bottleneck effect

Cgenetic equilibrium

Dpunctuated equilibrium

1. Two important patterns of macroevolution are (1 point)
   

RNA world and microfossils.

phylogeny and cladistics.

adaptive radiation and convergent evolution.

geographic and temporal isolation.