Hello! It will be a pleasure to help you since I am a Spanish speaker. We use the verb Estar to indicate temporary states and locations. In this way, this verb stands for position, location, action, condition, and emotion. So let's talk about them:
a) Position. Refers to the physical position or posture a person or thing is in.
b) Location. Describes where a person or thing is permanently or temporarily.
c) Actions. We use this verb to describe ongoing actions
d) Conditions. We can use this verb to express things that are likely to vary over several hours, days, or even years.
e) Emotions. We can use this verb to express what a person is feeling at a certain moment.
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1. The right answer is estoy
Yo no estoy en el comedor (I am not in the dining room)
This sentence stands for location. The conjugation of the verb estar for the first-person singular (yo) is estoy.
2. The right answer is gabinetes
Hay unos gabinetes en la cocina (There are some cabinets in the kitchen)
The noun of this sentence must be in the plural form and hay unos forces the noun to be male. In this way, gabinetes is the only word that fulfills with that.
3. The right answer is está
El horno está en la cocina (The oven is in the kitchen)
This sentence stands for location. The conjugation of the verb estar that fits the third-person singular is está.
4. The right answer is está
La mesa no está en el patio (The table is not in the patio)
In this case, mesa is a female noun. Anyway this noun matches the third-person singular. So, the conjugation of the verb estar is está
5. The right answer is está
El patio está detrás de la casa (The patio is behind the house)
This sentence also stands for location. The conjugation is the same as in the exercise 3.
6. The right answer is lámpara
Hay una lámpara en la sala familiar (There is a lamp in the family room)
It is obvious that you find a lamp (lámpara) in a family room. It isn't common to find a freezer (nevera), an oven (horno) or a microwave oven (microondas) in this place.
7. The right answer is cocina
Hay un lavaplatos en la cocina (There is a dishwasher in the kitchen)
It is obvious that you find a dishwasher (lavaplatos) in a kitchen. So, it isn't common to find it in a dinning room (comedor), a garage (garaje) or a living room (sala)
8. The right answer is está
Usted está en el garaje (You are in the garage)
This sentence stands for location. The conjugation of the verb estar for the second-person singular (formal you) is está.
9. The right answer is está
El televisor está en la sala (The TV is in the living room)
This is the same case as in the exercise 3.
10. The right answer is está
El microondas está en la cocina (The microwave oven is in the kitchen)
This is the same case as in the exercise 3.
11. The right answer is estamos
This sentence stands for location. The conjugation of the verb estar for the first-person plutal (nosotros) is estamos.
12. The right answer is estás
Tú estás en la sala familiar (You are in the family room)
This sentence stands for location. The conjugation for the verb estar for the second-person singular (tú) is estás.
