D. Providing stock options to executives is not a way for the company to raise money. Companies will offer stock options to executives--and also, in many cases, to employees--as a way of building loyalty to the company and providing incentives to their executives and employees in ways other than raising salaries.
The other options -- issuing bonds, conducting and initial public offering, or taking a loan will all provide funds for the company to develop its business.
Let's look at an initial public offering as an example. A private company goes public and issues issues stock to raise funds to expand the business. That may mean building more factories or stores, or developing new products, etc. An example would be the story of The Home Depot stores. The company was founded in 1978, and had just three stores in Georgia in 1981 when it went public and issued stock. They used money raised through the initial public offering to expand their business. Today, The Home Depot has over 2,200 stores in three countries.
