the ____ is a measure of the number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of time
It's called the frequency. The waves are measured in Hertz, that are also known as "cycles per second".
The (frequency of the wave multiplied by the number of seconds
in a given amount of time) is the measure of the number of waves that
pass a point in that amount of time.
If you had said "in one second" instead of "in a given amount of time,
then the word in the blank would simply be frequency.