The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that

Aallowed western powers to establish spheres of influence within Ottoman territory.

Bforbade the manufacture of cotton cloth and obliged Ottomans to buy textiles from Britain.

Cheld European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes.

Drestricted the exchange of technology and prevented the emergence of domestic industry in the Ottoman empire.

Epermitted unrestricted traffic in and out of the Black Sea.