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Twelfth century Italian communes eventually developed into

independent city-states

feudal estates

kingdoms ruled by strong monarchs

monasteries

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mphousley

Well, Italy was a loose collection of city states. France and Spain fought for control over them in the Italian Wars, which France lost. Yet Italy is not a unified nation until 1861. And the reason it is is because during the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon proclaimed himself King of Italy (which is what prompted Austria to declare war in 1805) This led to a feeling of Italian Nationalism, and so a group of people called the Red Shirts rose up, and started the Italian Wars of Unification

Camocamle

Twelfth century Italian communes eventually developed into


independent city-states

feudal estates

kingdoms ruled by strong monarchs

monasteries

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