Change

Direction

of Shift

( → ; ← ; or no change)

Effect on

Quantity

Effect

(increase, decrease,

or no change)

(a)

decrease in volume





Kc





(b)

raise temperature





amount of CO2(g)





(c)

addition of H2O





amount of CO2(g)





(d)

addition of O2(g)





amount of H2O





(e)

removal of CO2(g)





amount of Sugar